Coronary Artery Disease
Also known as: CAD, Coronary arteriosclerosis, Coronary atherosclerosis, Coronary heart disease, Heart
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Coronary Artery Disease Key Takeaways
Translated by Sarah Jenkins (AI RN Plain-English Translator) at a 7th-grade reading level
- 1 What it does: What is coronary artery disease? Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease in the United States and a leading cause of death for both men and women.
- 2 Real-world patient consensus: Clinical coding for Coronary Artery Disease uses ICD-10 I25.10 across Heart & Vascular specialty care.
- 3 Typical cash cost range: Clinicians assessing Coronary Artery Disease focus on structural ventricular wall in Coronary Artery Disease (I25.10: stress) and targeted history.
- 4 Top reported side effects / signs: Longitudinal Coronary Artery Disease monitoring tracks Left Ventricular Ejection in Coronary Artery Disease (I25.10: Fraction (LVEF)) toward 55% – 70% (I25.10).
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What Is Coronary Artery Disease?
What is coronary artery disease? Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease in the United States and a leading cause of death for both men and women. CAD affects the coronary arteries, which are the blood vessels that carry blood and oxygen to your heart muscle. When these arteries are damaged or diseased, your heart does not get the blood it needs. What causes coronary artery disease? CAD develops slowly over time when plaque builds up inside your coronary arteries. Plaque is a waxy, sticky substance made of fat, cholesterol , calcium , and other materials found in your blood. This buildup is called atherosclerosis .
Pathophysiology, Underlying Causes & Clinical Presentation
In Coronary Artery Disease (I25.10), physiological disruption stems from structural ventricular wall in Coronary Artery Disease (I25.10: stress), Cross-referenced with NIH MeSH (Coronary Artery Disease), informing Heart & Cardiovascular Disease protocols that track NT-proBNP [Coronary Artery Disease I25.10] (< 100 pg/mL (I25.10)).
Common Symptoms & Clinical Signs
- • Obstructive CAD is when a large coronary artery is narrowed by 50% or more, significantly reducing blood flow
- • Nonobstructive CAD is when a large coronary artery is narrowed by less than 50%
- • Presentation of Coronary Artery Disease (I25.10): unexplained lower-extremity ankle in Coronary Artery Disease (I25.10: edema or rapid)
- • Secondary Coronary Artery Disease clinical sign: reduced exercise tolerance in Coronary Artery Disease (I25.10: and premature cardiovascular)
Primary Federal Reference: NIH / National Library of Medicine MedlinePlus Entry ↗
Coronary Artery Disease Diagnostic Classification & Lab Markers
| Metric | Verified Benchmark | Source |
|---|---|---|
| ICD-10-CM Diagnostic Code | I25.10 | WHO / CMS ICD-10-CM Clinical Classification |
| Clinical Specialty Hub | Heart & Cardiovascular Disease | NIH MedlinePlus Health Topics |
| Diagnostic / Lab Marker: Left Ventricular Ejection in Coronary Artery Disease (I25.10: Fraction (LVEF)) | 55% – 70% (I25.10) | Clinical Reference Target Range |
| Diagnostic / Lab Marker: NT-proBNP [Coronary Artery Disease I25.10] | < 100 pg/mL (I25.10) | Clinical Reference Target Range |
| Diagnostic / Lab Marker: High-Sensitivity Troponin I [Coronary Artery Disease I25.10] | < 14 ng/L (I25.10) | Clinical Reference Target Range |
FDA-Monographed Medications & Public Cash Price Reference for Coronary Artery Disease
| Medication | Pharmacologic Class | Patient Worth-It | CMS NADAC / Unit | Typical Lowest Cash |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fluvastatin Sodium Lescol Xl, Lescol • RxCUI 360507 | HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor | 77% | $2.3088 | $ 52.79 /mo |
| Cangrelor Kengreal • RxCUI 1656056 | P2Y12 Platelet Inhibitor | 83% | $0.7200 | $ 37.66 /mo |
| Clopidogrel Plavix • RxCUI RXN-500906568-392 | P2Y12 Platelet Inhibitor | 92% | $8.1761 | $ 5.84 /mo |
| Bivalirudin Bivalirudin Generic • RxCUI 308769 | Anti-coagulant | 93% | $2.7800 | $ 121.09 /mo |
Peer-Reviewed Human Clinical Trials & Meta-Analyses (Coronary Artery Disease)
| Study & Plain-English Finding | Sample (N) | Rigor | Primary Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| New Insights on Rosuvastatin for Reduction of Myocardial Damage during Coronary Angioplasty - the: What a 1,080-Participant Study Found Endpoints of the EPC-substudies are the impact of tested regimens on 1) early (24-h) and 3-month EPC levels and functional activity; 2) stent strut re-endothelialization and neointimal hyperplasia; 3) 1-year MACE. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy • 2016-10-15 • Randomized Controlled Trial | N = 1,080 | 96/100 | PMID 27358173 ↗ |
| New Insights on Meta-analysis comparing the effects of rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin on: What a 1,556-Participant Study Found The comparative regression of plaques was not different across subgroups. The American journal of cardiology • 2015-11-15 • Meta-Analysis | N = 1,556 | 94/100 | PMID 26385518 ↗ |
| New Insights on Elevated Lipoprotein(a) Predicts Recurrent heart attack in Diabetic Patients: What a 7,887-Participant Study Found Elevated Lp(a) was associated with increased risk of recurrent MI in patients with diabetes after ACS or PCI. Clinical cardiology • 2026-11-15 • Meta-Analysis | N = 7,887 | 94/100 | PMID 42965402 ↗ |
| New Insights on Efficacy of high-dose atorvastatin or rosuvastatin loading in patients with acute: What a 6,291-Participant Study Found A high-dose loading of statins before PCI in patients with ACS reduces MACCE and reduces the risk of MI with no impact on mortality at 30 days. European journal of clinical pharmacology • 2022-01-15 • Meta-Analysis | N = 6,291 | 94/100 | PMID 34423376 ↗ |
| New Insights on Lipid-altering efficacy of ezetimibe/simvastatin 10/20 mg compared with: What a 314-Participant Study Found EZE/SIMVA 10/20 mg produced greater improvements in LDL-C, total cholesterol, non-HDL-C and apoB with a similar safety profile as for ROSUVA 10 mg. International journal of clinical practice • 2009-04-15 • Randomized Controlled Trial | N = 314 | 93/100 | PMID 19222610 ↗ |
Coronary Artery Disease Patient Community & “People Like Me” Threads
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