Urinary Tract Infections
Also known as: UTI, Urine, Urinary, Urinate, Pyelonephritis
Methodology & AI Transparency ⓘ
Urinary Tract Infections Key Takeaways
Translated by Sarah Jenkins (AI RN Plain-English Translator) at a 7th-grade reading level
- 1 What it does: The urinary system is the body's drainage system for removing wastes and extra water.
- 2 Real-world patient consensus: Diagnostic registry N39.0: Urinary Tract Infections is managed within Urology & Prostate (aka UTI).
- 3 Typical cash cost range: Workup highlights for Urinary Tract Infections (N39.0): 5-alpha-reductase volume reduction [Urinary Tract Infections N39.0].
- 4 Top reported side effects / signs: Key Urology & Prostate biomarkers for Urinary Tract Infections (N39.0): Total PSA & in Urinary Tract Infections (N39.0: Serum Creatinine/eGFR) & IPSS Urinary Symptom in Urinary Tract Infections (N39.0: Score) (0 – 7 (mild symptoms) (N39.0)).
Ask our AI Specialists anything about Urinary Tract Infections
What Is Urinary Tract Infections?
The urinary system is the body's drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. It includes two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common type of infection in the body. You may have a UTI if you notice: Pain or burning when you urinate Fever, tiredness, or shakiness An urge to urinate often Pressure in your lower belly Urine that smells bad or looks cloudy or reddish Pain in your back or side below the ribs People of any age or sex can get UTIs. But about four times as many women get UTIs as men.
Pathophysiology, Underlying Causes & Clinical Presentation
Biological expression of Urinary Tract Infections (N39.0, Urology & Prostate) reflects uropathogenic bacterial mucosal in Urinary Tract Infections (N39.0: adherence (cystitis) or). Cross-referenced with NIH MeSH (Urinary Tract Infections), longitudinal control is benchmarked via Total PSA & in Urinary Tract Infections (N39.0: Serum Creatinine/eGFR).
Common Symptoms & Clinical Signs
- • Pain or burning when you urinate
- • Fever, tiredness, or shakiness
- • Presentation of Urinary Tract Infections (N39.0): waking two or in Urinary Tract Infections (N39.0: more times nightly)
- • Secondary Urinary Tract Infections clinical sign: burning dysuria, suprapubic in Urinary Tract Infections (N39.0: discomfort, or cloudy/hematuric)
Primary Federal Reference: NIH / National Library of Medicine MedlinePlus Entry ↗
Urinary Tract Infections Diagnostic Classification & Lab Markers
| Metric | Verified Benchmark | Source |
|---|---|---|
| ICD-10-CM Diagnostic Code | N39.0 | WHO / CMS ICD-10-CM Clinical Classification |
| Clinical Specialty Hub | Prostate (BPH), Bladder & Urinary Tract | NIH MedlinePlus Health Topics |
| Diagnostic / Lab Marker: Total PSA & in Urinary Tract Infections (N39.0: Serum Creatinine/eGFR) | Age-specific PSA; eGFR > 75 mL/min (N39.0) | Clinical Reference Target Range |
| Diagnostic / Lab Marker: IPSS Urinary Symptom in Urinary Tract Infections (N39.0: Score) | 0 – 7 (mild symptoms) (N39.0) | Clinical Reference Target Range |
| Diagnostic / Lab Marker: Urinalysis & Post-Void in Urinary Tract Infections (N39.0: Residual (PVR)) | Negative leukocyte/nitrite; PVR < 50 mL (N39.0) | Clinical Reference Target Range |
FDA-Monographed Medications & Public Cash Price Reference for Urinary Tract Infections
| Medication | Pharmacologic Class | Patient Worth-It | CMS NADAC / Unit | Typical Lowest Cash |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clindamycin in 5 Percent Dextrose Clindamycin in 5 Percent Dextrose Generic • RxCUI RXN-72572076-2443 | Lincosamide Antibacterial | 80% | $0.1517 | $ 14.64 /mo |
| Urinary Pain Relief (Phenazopyridine Hydrochloride) Urinary Pain Relief • RxCUI 1094147-B73581919 | Over-the-Counter Clinical Monograph | 79% | $0.1748 | $ 21.09 /mo |
| Nitrofurantoin Furadantin • RxCUI 311989 | Nitrofuran Antibacterial | 80% | $1.6860 | $ 398.58 /mo |
| Methenamine Hippurate Hiprex • RxCUI 992150 | Urinary Symptoms Agent | 85% | $0.3070 | $ 10.93 /mo |
Peer-Reviewed Human Clinical Trials & Meta-Analyses (Urinary Tract Infections)
| Study & Plain-English Finding | Sample (N) | Rigor | Primary Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| New Insights on Testosterone Replacement Therapy on Lower Urinary Tract: What a 2,029-Participant Study Found In this meta-analysis of 14 clinical trials of TRT for LOH, the change in IPSS was similar among men receiving TRT versus placebo, suggesting that TRT treatment does not worsen LUTS among men with LOH. European urology • 2016-06-15 • Meta-Analysis | N = 2,029 | 99/100 | PMID 26874809 ↗ |
| New Insights on Urinary tract infections in patients with diabetes treated with: What a 3,152-Participant Study Found Treatment of type 2 diabetes with once-daily dapagliflozin 5 or 10mg is accompanied by a slightly increased risk of urinary tract infection. Journal of diabetes and its complications • 2013-01-15 • Meta-Analysis | N = 3,152 | 99/100 | PMID 23849632 ↗ |
| New Insights on Effect of testosterone replacement therapy on lower urinary tract: What a 2,453-Participant Study Found The results demonstrate that TRT does not worsen LUTS regardless of the administration route. Journal of evidence-based medicine • 2024-09-15 • Meta-Analysis | N = 2,453 | 99/100 | PMID 39004879 ↗ |
| New Insights on Baseline Total Testosterone Level on Successful Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction: What a 1,075-Participant Study Found Low TT levels at baseline did not negatively influence response to tadalafil in men of advancing age with concomitant lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction. The journal of sexual medicine • 2016-05-15 • Randomized Controlled Trial | N = 1,075 | 96/100 | PMID 27017071 ↗ |
| New Insights on Sulopenem versus Amoxicillin/Clavulanate for the Treatment of Uncomplicated: What a 2,222-Participant Study Found Sulopenem was noninferior to amoxicillin/clavulanate for the treatment of adult women with uncomplicated urinary tract infection, but was associated with more frequent mild side effects. NEJM evidence • 2025-07-15 • Phase III Randomized Trial | N = 2,222 | 96/100 | PMID 40552968 ↗ |
Urinary Tract Infections Patient Community & “People Like Me” Threads
Filter Urinary Tract Infections community threads and patient logs by age, biological sex, dosage, and treatment duration.