Insomnia
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Insomnia Key Takeaways
Translated by Sarah Jenkins (AI RN Plain-English Translator) at a 7th-grade reading level
- 1 What it does: What is insomnia? Insomnia is a common sleep disorder .
- 2 Real-world patient consensus: Clinical coding for Insomnia uses ICD-10 G47.00 across Sleep Disorders specialty care.
- 3 Typical cash cost range: Workup highlights for Insomnia (G47.00): CBT-I behavioral sleep in Insomnia (G47.00: efficiency tracking).
- 4 Top reported side effects / signs: Objective lab/clinical target for Insomnia: Serum Ferritin (Restless in Insomnia (G47.00: Legs)) (> 75 ng/mL (G47.00)) and Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) [Insomnia G47.00].
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What Is Insomnia?
What is insomnia? Insomnia is a common sleep disorder . If you have it, you may have trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or both. As a result, you may get too little sleep or have poor-quality sleep. You may not feel refreshed when you wake up. What are the types of insomnia? Insomnia can be acute (short-term) or chronic (ongoing). Acute insomnia is common. Common causes include stress at work, family pressures, or a traumatic event. It usually lasts for days or weeks. Chronic insomnia lasts for a month or longer. Most cases of chronic insomnia are secondary.
Pathophysiology, Underlying Causes & Clinical Presentation
At the cellular and tissue level in sleep disorders, Insomnia (G47.00) involves sympathetic micro-arousals [Insomnia G47.00]. Cross-referenced with NIH MeSH (Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders), progression correlates with shifts in Serum Ferritin (Restless in Insomnia (G47.00: Legs)) (> 75 ng/mL (G47.00)).
Common Symptoms & Clinical Signs
- • Have a lot of stress
- • Are depressed or have other emotional distress, such as divorce or death of a spouse
- • Presentation of Insomnia (G47.00): daytime microsleeps, cognitive in Insomnia (G47.00: brain fog, or)
- • Secondary Insomnia clinical sign: prolonged sleep-onset latency [Insomnia G47.00]
Primary Federal Reference: NIH / National Library of Medicine MedlinePlus Entry ↗
Insomnia Diagnostic Classification & Lab Markers
| Metric | Verified Benchmark | Source |
|---|---|---|
| ICD-10-CM Diagnostic Code | G47.00 | WHO / CMS ICD-10-CM Clinical Classification |
| Clinical Specialty Hub | Insomnia, Sleep Apnea & Sleep Health | NIH MedlinePlus Health Topics |
| Diagnostic / Lab Marker: Serum Ferritin (Restless in Insomnia (G47.00: Legs)) | > 75 ng/mL (G47.00) | Clinical Reference Target Range |
| Diagnostic / Lab Marker: Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) [Insomnia G47.00] | < 5 events/hour (G47.00) | Clinical Reference Target Range |
| Diagnostic / Lab Marker: Insomnia Severity Index in Insomnia (G47.00: (ISI)) | < 7 (G47.00) | Clinical Reference Target Range |
FDA-Monographed Medications & Public Cash Price Reference for Insomnia
| Medication | Pharmacologic Class | Patient Worth-It | CMS NADAC / Unit | Typical Lowest Cash |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Triazolam Triazolam Generic • RxCUI 198318 | Benzodiazepine | 84% | $0.3011 | $ 20.70 /mo |
| Zolpidem Tartrate Ambien, Ambien CR • RxCUI 854873 | gamma-Aminobutyric Acid A Receptor Positive Modulator | 93% | $0.0336 | $ 9.86 /mo |
| Temazepam Restoril • RxCUI 485489 | Benzodiazepine | 74% | $0.0879 | $ 12.06 /mo |
| Eszopiclone Lunesta • RxCUI 485442 | FDA Prescription Therapeutic Agent | 86% | $0.0871 | $ 12.03 /mo |
| Estazolam Estazolam Generic • RxCUI 197653 | Benzodiazepine | 93% | $0.6316 | $ 34.08 /mo |
| Doxepin Adapin • RxCUI 966787 | Tricyclic Antidepressant | 84% | $1.3716 | $ 6.34 /mo |
| Zaleplon Zaleplon Generic • RxCUI 313761 | gamma-Aminobutyric Acid A Receptor Agonist | 80% | $0.1444 | $ 14.35 /mo |
Peer-Reviewed Human Clinical Trials & Meta-Analyses (Insomnia)
| Study & Plain-English Finding | Sample (N) | Rigor | Primary Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| New Insights on Re-examining the factor structure of the trouble sleeping Severity Index (ISI): What a 1,956-Participant Study Found A 6-item two-factor scale had better psychometric properties than the 7-item scale in this patient sample. Journal of patient-reported outcomes • 2024-06-29 • Phase III Randomized Trial | N = 1,956 | 96/100 | PMID 38951287 ↗ |
| New Insights on Interventions for trouble sleeping in cancer patients and survivors-a: What a 6,528-Participant Study Found CBT-I is supported as a first-line treatment for trouble sleeping in cancer survivors, with significant benefits observed across sleep and non-sleep outcomes. JNCI cancer spectrum • 2024-04-30 • Meta-Analysis | N = 6,528 | 94/100 | PMID 38781520 ↗ |
| New Insights on Acute efficacy of fluoxetine versus sertraline and paroxetine in depression: What a 284-Participant Study Found These data show no significant differences in acute treatment efficacy and tolerability across fluoxetine, sertraline, and paroxetine in depression patients. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology • 2002-04-15 • Randomized Controlled Trial | N = 284 | 93/100 | PMID 11910258 ↗ |
| New Insights on Long-term effectiveness and safety of lemborexant in adults with trouble sleeping: What a 949-Participant Study Found LEM5 and LEM10 had significant benefit on sleep onset and sleep maintenance compared with placebo, and importantly, lemborexant effectiveness persisted at twelve months, suggesting that lemborexant may provide long-term... Sleep medicine • 2021-04-15 • Phase III Randomized Trial | N = 949 | 93/100 | PMID 33636648 ↗ |
| New Insights on Meaningful Within-Patient Change on the trouble sleeping Daytime Symptoms and: What a 930-Participant Study Found This analysis demonstrates the meaningful within-patient change for the IDSIQ total score and domain scores, that the instrument is sensitive to changes in the patient experience of trouble sleeping, and that it can be used in... Pharmaceutical medicine • 2023-07-15 • Phase III Randomized Trial | N = 930 | 93/100 | PMID 37286927 ↗ |
Insomnia Patient Community & “People Like Me” Threads
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