Migraine
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Migraine Key Takeaways
Translated by Sarah Jenkins (AI RN Plain-English Translator) at a 7th-grade reading level
- 1 What it does: What are migraines? Migraines are a recurring type of headache.
- 2 Real-world patient consensus: Mapped to Migraine & Headache Disorders under ICD-10-CM G43.909 for Migraine clinical workups.
- 3 Typical cash cost range: Clinicians assessing Migraine focus on cortical spreading depression [Migraine G43.909] and targeted history.
- 4 Top reported side effects / signs: Key Migraine & Headache biomarkers for Migraine (G43.909): MIDAS Disability Score [Migraine G43.909] & RBC Magnesium & in Migraine (G43.909: Riboflavin Status) (RBC Mg 5.0 – 6.4 mg/dL (G43.909)).
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What Is Migraine?
What are migraines? Migraines are a recurring type of headache. They cause moderate to severe pain that is throbbing or pulsing. The pain is often on one side of your head. You may also have other symptoms, such as nausea and weakness. You may be sensitive to light and sound. What causes migraines? Researchers believe that migraine has a genetic cause. There are also a number of factors that can trigger a migraine.
Pathophysiology, Underlying Causes & Clinical Presentation
Migraine (G43.909) alters migraine & headache homeostasis through cortical spreading depression [Migraine G43.909]; Cross-referenced with NIH MeSH (Migraine Disorders), clinical remission targets RBC Magnesium & in Migraine (G43.909: Riboflavin Status) within RBC Mg 5.0 – 6.4 mg/dL (G43.909).
Common Symptoms & Clinical Signs
- • Hormonal changes in women
- • Bright or flashing lights
- • Presentation of Migraine (G43.909): visual aura [Migraine G43.909]
- • Secondary Migraine clinical sign: nausea, gastric stasis, in Migraine (G43.909: or worsening pain)
Primary Federal Reference: NIH / National Library of Medicine MedlinePlus Entry ↗
Migraine Diagnostic Classification & Lab Markers
| Metric | Verified Benchmark | Source |
|---|---|---|
| ICD-10-CM Diagnostic Code | G43.909 | WHO / CMS ICD-10-CM Clinical Classification |
| Clinical Specialty Hub | Migraine & Headache Disorders | NIH MedlinePlus Health Topics |
| Diagnostic / Lab Marker: MIDAS Disability Score [Migraine G43.909] | Grade I (0 – 5) (G43.909) | Clinical Reference Target Range |
| Diagnostic / Lab Marker: RBC Magnesium & in Migraine (G43.909: Riboflavin Status) | RBC Mg 5.0 – 6.4 mg/dL (G43.909) | Clinical Reference Target Range |
| Diagnostic / Lab Marker: Monthly Headache Days in Migraine (G43.909: (MHD)) | < 2 days/month on prevention (G43.909) | Clinical Reference Target Range |
FDA-Monographed Medications & Public Cash Price Reference for Migraine
| Medication | Pharmacologic Class | Patient Worth-It | CMS NADAC / Unit | Typical Lowest Cash |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sumatriptan Succinate, Camphor, Menthol Migranow • RxCUI 313161 | FDA Prescription Therapeutic Agent | 93% | $16.3139 | $ 185.00 /mo |
| Sumatriptan Imitrex, Tosymra • RxCUI 313159 | Serotonin-1b and Serotonin-1d Receptor Agonist | 91% | $17.0386 | $ 9.68 /mo |
| Rizatriptan Rizatriptan Generic • RxCUI 312840 | Serotonin-1b and Serotonin-1d Receptor Agonist | 78% | $0.3437 | $ 22.42 /mo |
| Lasmiditan Reyvow • RxCUI 2256937 | FDA Prescription Therapeutic Agent | 93% | $88.6973 | $ 185.00 /mo |
| Erenumab-Aooe Aimovig • RxCUI 2045627 | FDA Prescription Therapeutic Agent | 79% | $738.5081 | $ 185.00 /mo |
| Sumatriptan and Naproxen Sodium Sumatriptan and Naproxen Sodium Generic • RxCUI 849450 | Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug | 86% | $10.4634 | $ 185.00 /mo |
| Almotriptan Malate Axert • RxCUI 284204 | Serotonin-1b and Serotonin-1d Receptor Agonist | 86% | $16.0593 | $ 336.09 /mo |
| Dihydroergotamine Mesylate Atzumi, Brekiya • RxCUI 861672 | Ergotamine Derivative | 74% | $29.3540 | $ 201.19 /mo |
| Eletriptan Hydrobromide Relpax • RxCUI 359493 | Serotonin-1b and Serotonin-1d Receptor Agonist | 88% | $1.5891 | $ 25.93 /mo |
| Zolmitriptan Zolmiptriptan, Zomig • RxCUI 200193 | Serotonin-1b and Serotonin-1d Receptor Agonist | 83% | $1.3323 | $ 8.56 /mo |
| Rimegepant Sulfate Nurtec ODT • RxCUI 2282313 | Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide Receptor Antagonist | 77% | $128.6613 | $ 185.00 /mo |
Peer-Reviewed Human Clinical Trials & Meta-Analyses (Migraine)
| Study & Plain-English Finding | Sample (N) | Rigor | Primary Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| New Insights on Reductions in acute medication use and healthcare resource utilization in: What a 1,113-Participant Study Found Treatment with galcanezumab resulted in significant reductions in headache medication overuse and migraine headache days requiring acute medication use, with notable reductions in migraine-specific HCRU. Journal of medical economics • 2022-01-15 • Phase III Randomized Trial | N = 1,113 | 96/100 | PMID 35971655 ↗ |
| New Insights on Clinical Immunogenicity Evaluation of Eptinezumab, a Therapeutic Humanized: What a 2,076-Participant Study Found These integrated analyses did not demonstrate any clinically meaningful impact from ADA occurring after treatment with eptinezumab. Frontiers in immunology • 2021-01-15 • Phase III Randomized Trial | N = 2,076 | 96/100 | PMID 34759933 ↗ |
| New Insights on Treatment of chronic migraine with Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA): Development,: What a 5,000-Participant Study Found Benefits also include improvements in quality of life, fewer psychiatric comorbidities, and reduced healthcare resource utilization. Medicine • 2023-07-01 • Phase III Randomized Trial | N = 5,000 | 96/100 | PMID 37499085 ↗ |
| New Insights on Eptinezumab improved patient-reported outcomes in patients with migraine and: What a 1,072-Participant Study Found This subgroup analysis in patients with CM/MOH at baseline suggests that eptinezumab treatment is associated with early, sustained, and clinically meaningful improvements in patient-reported outcomes. Headache • 2023-02-15 • Phase III Randomized Trial | N = 1,072 | 96/100 | PMID 36633219 ↗ |
| New Insights on Numbers needed to treat or harm and likelihood of being helped versus harmed for: What a 509-Participant Study Found The NNT, NNH, and LHH for quarterly and monthly fremanezumab compare favorably with those for traditional oral preventive medications, including topiramate, valproate, and propranolol. Headache • 2023-01-15 • Phase III Randomized Trial | N = 509 | 93/100 | PMID 37955395 ↗ |
Migraine Patient Community & “People Like Me” Threads
Filter Migraine community threads and patient logs by age, biological sex, dosage, and treatment duration.