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Publisher Full Text (DOI) NIH PubMed Central (PMC13741143) Google Scholar NIH PubMed #42990011
Official NIH NLM MEDLINE / PubMed Citation • PMID: 42990011 • DOI: 10.1002/mpr.70117

Mindfulness-Based Intervention Improves Cognitive Function in Patients With Schizophrenia in Remitted: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

International journal of methods in psychiatric research • 2026 Dec • Vol. 35 (4) • ISSN 1557-0657
Authors: Peipei Lyu, Xiuxia Yuan, Yan Zhang, Qiong Wu, Yibing Zheng, Yichen Su, Xueqin Song
Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.

Verbatim Formal Study Abstract

BACKGROUND

Patients with schizophrenia exhibit deficits in facial emotion recognition (FER), attention, P300, and quality of life (QoL), which severely hinder functional recovery. This study aims to explore the effects of mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on these outcomes and the potential mediating mechanisms.

METHODS

In this 8-week randomized, single-blind, controlled study, a total of 70 remitted patients with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to the MBI group or the control group. The Five-Factor Mindfulness Scale (FFMQ), FER, P300 indices, Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs (CPT-IP), and Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS) were measured at baseline and week 8 to assess mindfulness levels, cognitive function, neurophysiological parameters, and QoL. Linear mixed models evaluated intervention effects. Mediation analyses used pre-post change scores with bootstrap resampling.

RESULTS

For the primary outcome, MBI significantly improved FFMQ (&#x3b2;&#xa0;=&#xa0;16.750, 95% CI [7.769, 25.731], p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001). For the exploratory outcomes, significant improvements were observed for P300 latency (&#x3b2;&#xa0;=&#xa0;-63.602, 95% CI [-88.651, -38.554], p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001) and CPT-IP (&#x3b2;&#xa0;=&#xa0;8.219, 95% CI [4.004, 12.433], p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001). FER and P300 amplitude showed nominal improvements only, and SQLS showed a non-significant trend. A significant indirect effect through FER change was observed for change in SQLS (indirect effect&#xa0;=&#xa0;-6.343, 95% CI [-11.467, -2.288]), but CPT-IP change did not mediate P300 amplitude improvement.

CONCLUSION

MBI significantly improved the primary outcome of mindfulness (FFMQ) and showed promising exploratory improvements in processing speed (P300 latency) and sustained attention (CPT-IP). FER change may represent a potential indirect pathway associated with change in SQLS. These findings support MBI as a promising cognitive rehabilitation intervention.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

https://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR 2500106735, registered on: 29/07/2025.

Publication Classification: Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial
NLM MeSH Descriptors: Humans Schizophrenia Male Single-Blind Method Adult Female Mindfulness Event-Related Potentials, P300 Facial Recognition Outcome Assessment, Health Care Cognitive Enhancement Middle Aged Quality of Life