Kidney Diseases
Also known as: Renal diseases, Renal insufficiency - chronic, Kidney, Renal, Nephric
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Kidney Diseases Key Takeaways
Translated by Sarah Jenkins (AI RN Plain-English Translator) at a 7th-grade reading level
- 1 What it does: You have two kidneys, each about the size of your fist.
- 2 Real-world patient consensus: Diagnostic registry N18.9: Kidney Diseases is managed within Kidney & Renal (aka Renal diseases).
- 3 Typical cash cost range: Workup highlights for Kidney Diseases (N18.9): NSAID/nephrotoxin avoidance [Kidney Diseases N18.9].
- 4 Top reported side effects / signs: Follow-up benchmark in Kidney Diseases: maintaining Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio in Kidney Diseases (N18.9: (uACR)) within < 15 mg/g (< 30 mg/g normal) (N18.9).
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What Is Kidney Diseases?
You have two kidneys, each about the size of your fist. They are near the middle of your back, just below the rib cage. Inside each kidney there are about a million tiny structures called nephrons. They filter your blood. They remove wastes and extra water, which become urine. The urine flows through tubes called ureters. It goes to your bladder, which stores the urine until you go to the bathroom. Most kidney diseases attack the nephrons. This damage may leave kidneys unable to remove wastes. Causes can include genetic problems, injuries, or medicines.
Pathophysiology, Underlying Causes & Clinical Presentation
Underlying Kidney Diseases (code N18.9) is impaired nephron solute/acid-base in Kidney Diseases (N18.9: clearance), Cross-referenced with NIH MeSH (Kidney Diseases), which Chronic Kidney Disease & Electrolytes clinicians address while surveilling Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio in Kidney Diseases (N18.9: (uACR)) (< 15 mg/g (< 30 mg/g normal) (N18.9)).
Common Symptoms & Clinical Signs
- • Presentation of Kidney Diseases (N18.9): fluid retention in in Kidney Diseases (N18.9: ankles, hands, or)
- • Secondary Kidney Diseases clinical sign: fatigue, muscle cramps, in Kidney Diseases (N18.9: metallic taste, or)
- • Symptom flares in Kidney Diseases correlating with Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio in Kidney Diseases (N18.9: (uACR)) deviation outside < 15 mg/g (< 30 mg/g normal) (N18.9)
- • Functional kidney & renal impact requiring NSAID/nephrotoxin avoidance [Kidney Diseases N18.9] evaluation (N18.9)
Primary Federal Reference: NIH / National Library of Medicine MedlinePlus Entry ↗
Kidney Diseases Diagnostic Classification & Lab Markers
| Metric | Verified Benchmark | Source |
|---|---|---|
| ICD-10-CM Diagnostic Code | N18.9 | WHO / CMS ICD-10-CM Clinical Classification |
| Clinical Specialty Hub | Chronic Kidney Disease & Electrolytes | NIH MedlinePlus Health Topics |
| Diagnostic / Lab Marker: Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio in Kidney Diseases (N18.9: (uACR)) | < 15 mg/g (< 30 mg/g normal) (N18.9) | Clinical Reference Target Range |
| Diagnostic / Lab Marker: Serum Potassium, Bicarbonate in Kidney Diseases (N18.9: & Phosphorus) | K+ 3.8–4.8 mEq/L; HCO3 23–29 mEq/L (N18.9) | Clinical Reference Target Range |
| Diagnostic / Lab Marker: eGFR (Creatinine + in Kidney Diseases (N18.9: Cystatin C)) | >= 90 mL/min/1.73m2 (N18.9) | Clinical Reference Target Range |
FDA-Monographed Medications & Public Cash Price Reference for Kidney Diseases
Treatment selection for Kidney Diseases depends on clinical severity, diagnostic lab results, and medical history. Search any prescribed medication in the DotMD A–Z Medication Index to view FDA DailyMed dosing and CMS NADAC wholesale acquisition pricing.
Peer-Reviewed Human Clinical Trials & Meta-Analyses (Kidney Diseases)
| Study & Plain-English Finding | Sample (N) | Rigor | Primary Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| New Insights on Safety and real-world benefits of Semaglutide in Patients With Chronic Kidney: What a 12,785-Participant Study Found Semaglutide demonstrates a favourable safety profile and significant cardiorenal benefits in CKD patients, with or without T2DM. Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism • 2025-11-15 • Meta-Analysis | N = 12,785 | 99/100 | PMID 41276951 ↗ |
| New Insights on Heart and blood vessel and Kidney Outcomes and Mortality With Long-Acting: What a 71,351-Participant Study Found As a group, long-acting GLP-1RA, including both injectable and oral formulations, reduce incidence of MACE, HHF, and kidney events and all-cause mortality in T2D. Diabetes care • 2025-05-01 • Meta-Analysis | N = 71,351 | 99/100 | PMID 40156846 ↗ |
| Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Intermittent or Continuous kidney-Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 17 , Page 1677-1690, October 29, 2026. New England Journal of Medicine • 2026-10-14 • Peer-Reviewed Journal (Clinical Trials) | Multi-cohort | 97/100 | PMID NEJM-62256824 ↗ |
| New Insights on Heart and blood vessel outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients stratified by: What a 8,126-Participant Study Found Older high-risk patients with high blood pressure and reduced GFR are more likely to develop CHD than to develop ESRD. Annals of internal medicine • 2006-02-07 • Randomized Controlled Trial | N = 8,126 | 96/100 | PMID 16461961 ↗ |
| New Insights on Individual Atrasentan Exposure is Associated With Long-term Kidney and Heart: What a 3,668-Participant Study Found Compared with placebo, a mean atrasentan exposure translated in a hazard ratio of 0.76 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28-0.85) for kidney events and 1.13 (95% CI: 1.03-2.20) for heart failure events. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics • 2021-06-15 • Phase III Randomized Trial | N = 3,668 | 96/100 | PMID 33338269 ↗ |
Kidney Diseases Patient Community & “People Like Me” Threads
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