Sodium
Also known as: Salt
Methodology & AI Transparency ⓘ
Sodium Key Takeaways
Translated by Sarah Jenkins (AI RN Plain-English Translator) at a 7th-grade reading level
- 1 What it does: Table salt is a combination of two minerals - sodium and chloride Your body needs some sodium to work properly.
- 2 Real-world patient consensus: Synonyms for Sodium (E87.7): Salt (Kidney & Renal).
- 3 Typical cash cost range: Differential triage of Sodium (E87.7) utilizes strict blood pressure/glycemic in Sodium (E87.7: control).
- 4 Top reported side effects / signs: Objective lab/clinical target for Sodium: eGFR (Creatinine + in Sodium (E87.7: Cystatin C)) (>= 90 mL/min/1.73m2 (E87.7)) and Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio in Sodium (E87.7: (uACR)).
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What Is Sodium?
Table salt is a combination of two minerals - sodium and chloride Your body needs some sodium to work properly. It helps with the function of nerves and muscles. It also helps to keep the right balance of fluids in your body. Your kidneys control how much sodium is in your body. If you have too much and your kidneys can't get rid it, sodium builds up in your blood. This can lead to high blood pressure . High blood pressure can lead to other health problems. Most people in the U.S. get more sodium in their diets than they need. A key to healthy eating is choosing foods low in sodium. The Dietary Guidelines recommend that most adults eat less than 2.3 grams per day.
Pathophysiology, Underlying Causes & Clinical Presentation
Pathophysiologically, Sodium (ICD-10 E87.7) is driven by glomerular capillary hyperfiltration in Sodium (E87.7: barotrauma); Cross-referenced with NIH MeSH (Sodium Chloride, Dietary, Sodium, Dietary), specialists in Chronic Kidney Disease & Electrolytes monitor Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio in Sodium (E87.7: (uACR)) to gauge tissue recovery.
Common Symptoms & Clinical Signs
- • Presentation of Sodium (E87.7): asymptomatic decline in in Sodium (E87.7: eGFR or persistent)
- • Secondary Sodium clinical sign: fluid retention in in Sodium (E87.7: ankles, hands, or)
- • Symptom flares in Sodium correlating with eGFR (Creatinine + in Sodium (E87.7: Cystatin C)) deviation outside >= 90 mL/min/1.73m2 (E87.7)
- • Functional kidney & renal impact requiring strict blood pressure/glycemic in Sodium (E87.7: control) evaluation (E87.7)
Primary Federal Reference: NIH / National Library of Medicine MedlinePlus Entry ↗
Sodium Diagnostic Classification & Lab Markers
| Metric | Verified Benchmark | Source |
|---|---|---|
| ICD-10-CM Diagnostic Code | E87.7 | WHO / CMS ICD-10-CM Clinical Classification |
| Clinical Specialty Hub | Chronic Kidney Disease & Electrolytes | NIH MedlinePlus Health Topics |
| Diagnostic / Lab Marker: eGFR (Creatinine + in Sodium (E87.7: Cystatin C)) | >= 90 mL/min/1.73m2 (E87.7) | Clinical Reference Target Range |
| Diagnostic / Lab Marker: Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio in Sodium (E87.7: (uACR)) | < 15 mg/g (< 30 mg/g normal) (E87.7) | Clinical Reference Target Range |
| Diagnostic / Lab Marker: Serum Potassium, Bicarbonate in Sodium (E87.7: & Phosphorus) | K+ 3.8–4.8 mEq/L; HCO3 23–29 mEq/L (E87.7) | Clinical Reference Target Range |
FDA-Monographed Medications & Public Cash Price Reference for Sodium
| Medication | Pharmacologic Class | Patient Worth-It | CMS NADAC / Unit | Typical Lowest Cash |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Betaloan Suik (Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate and Betamethasone Acetate) Betaloan Suik • RxCUI RXN-B76420240 | Corticosteroid | 94% | $0.4312 | $ 39.55 /mo |
| Treximet (Sumatriptan Succinate and Naproxen Sodium) Treximet • RxCUI 849450-B42847850 | Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug | 86% | $16.3139 | $ 185.70 /mo |
| Dalteparin Sodium Fragmin • RxCUI RXN-00690206-2463 | Anti-coagulant | 85% | $3.2200 | $ 138.91 /mo |
| Dexmedetomidine Hydrochloride in Sodium Chloride Dexmedetomidine Hydrochloride in Sodium Chloride Generic • RxCUI RXN-701211712-2974 | Central alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist | 94% | $2.3800 | $ 104.89 /mo |
| Pantoprazole Sodium in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Pantoprazole Sodium in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Generic • RxCUI RXN-03389648-2569 | Proton Pump Inhibitor | 84% | $4.1626 | $ 177.09 /mo |
| Sodium Iothalamate I-125 Injection Glofil-125 • RxCUI RXN-509147729-2357 | Radioactive Diagnostic Agent | 91% | $2.2100 | $ 98.00 /mo |
| Nipride Rtu (Sodium Nitroprusside) Nipride Rtu • RxCUI 1876373 | Vasodilator | 85% | $0.8800 | $ 71.86 /mo |
| Sutab (Sodium Sulfate, Magnesium Sulfate, and Potassium Chloride) Sutab • RxCUI RXN-B24338201 | Calculi Dissolution Agent | 75% | $6.7203 | $ 492.36 /mo |
| Sodium Oxybate Lumryz, Xyrem • RxCUI 349482 | Central Nervous System Depressant | 92% | $3.5100 | $ 150.66 /mo |
| Glucose and Sodium Chloride (Dextrose Anhydrous and Sodium Chloride) Glucose and Sodium Chloride • RxCUI RXN-B03389799 | Osmotic Laxative | 87% | $3.2000 | $ 238.90 /mo |
| Levetiracetam in Sodium Chloride Levetiracetam in Sodium Chloride Generic • RxCUI 1193358 | Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity | 90% | $0.1663 | $ 15.24 /mo |
| Invokana (Canagliflozin) Invokana • RxCUI 1373463 | Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor | 88% | $19.1169 | $ 640.00 /mo |
| Heparin Sodium Heparin Sodium Generic • RxCUI 1361574 | Anti-coagulant | 80% | $7.6218 | $ 185.00 /mo |
| Ceftobiprole Medocaril Sodium Zevtera • RxCUI RXN-68547578-2422 | Cephalosporin Antibacterial | 81% | $2.8600 | $ 124.33 /mo |
| Depakote (Divalproex Sodium) Depakote • RxCUI 1099625-B00747325 | Anti-epileptic Agent | 76% | $1.9587 | $ 6.14 /mo |
| Emetrol Chewables Orange (Sodium Citrate Dihydrate) Emetrol Chewables Orange • RxCUI 2002800 | Anti-coagulant | 88% | $1.0700 | $ 85.54 /mo |
Peer-Reviewed Human Clinical Trials & Meta-Analyses (Sodium)
| Study & Plain-English Finding | Sample (N) | Rigor | Primary Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| New Insights on Benefits and safety of 11 sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors at different: What a 9,144-Participant Study Found As add-on therapy, SGLT2is demonstrated favourable antidiabetic efficacy and acceptable safety. BMJ open • 2025-02-26 • Meta-Analysis | N = 9,144 | 99/100 | PMID 40010842 ↗ |
| Check Your Medicine Cabinet: FDA Enforcement Recall D-0039-2027 (Class II): Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate for Injec Reason for recall: Failed Impurities/Degradation Specifications. openFDA Drug Enforcement & Recall Registry • 2026-10-21 • FDA Drug Recall (Class II) | Multi-cohort | 96/100 | PMID FDARECALL-D-0039-2027 ↗ |
| New Insights on Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors Compared with Sulfonylureas in: What a 4,300-Participant Study Found Despite similar glycemic efficacy in a relatively short term, SGLT2 inhibitors are more effective in the longer term than SUs as add-on to metformin. Clinical drug investigation • 2019-06-15 • Meta-Analysis | N = 4,300 | 94/100 | PMID 31041606 ↗ |
| New Insights on Prostacyclin analog beraprost sodium efficacy in primary glomerular disease or: What a 892-Participant Study Found TRK-100STP was generally well tolerated and most adverse drug reactions were mild or moderate in severity. Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis : official peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy • 2021-10-15 • Phase III Randomized Trial | N = 892 | 93/100 | PMID 33340238 ↗ |
| What the Latest Evidence Really Says About Benefits and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors as add-on to Incidence of low blood sugar was significantly higher, but incidence of high blood sugar was significantly lower in SGLT2 inhibitor group. Endocrine journal • 2018-03-28 • Meta-Analysis | Multi-cohort | 92/100 | PMID 29375082 ↗ |
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