★ Breakthrough Medical Research • 15 Landmark Multi-Trial Guides • 6,280 Indexed Studies

Longevity, Cellular Aging, Vaccines & Preventive Medicine — Clinical Trial Breakdowns & PubMed Evidence

Q: Why does dotMD report both Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) and Relative Risk Reduction (RRR) on clinical trials?

Traditional health headlines often exaggerate findings by reporting only Relative Risk Reduction—for example, claiming a drug cuts risk by 50% when the event rate dropped from 2% to 1% (an Absolute Risk Reduction of just 1.0 percentage point, meaning 100 patients must take the drug for 1 person to benefit, or NNT = 100). On dotMD, every flagship study breakdown reports both Relative Risk and Absolute Risk alongside the exact sample size (N) and trial duration.

Q: How does dotMD separate human randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from animal or observational studies?

Every study on dotMD displays its exact Study Design Tier at the top of the card (Phase 3 Randomized Trial, Randomized Controlled Trial, Meta-Analysis & Systematic Review, Multi-Trial Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Journal Watch Cohort, or FDA Safety Alert) along with the human participant count (N). Preclinical mouse or cell-culture data is never presented as human clinical proof.

Q: Why did dotMD replace synthetic "Study Rigor Scores" with primary PubMed PMIDs and trial metadata?

Arbitrary 0-to-100 rigor scores obscure what actually makes a study trustworthy. Instead of synthetic scores, dotMD surfaces the verifiable primary evidence signals: exact NCBI PubMed IDs (PMID), ClinicalTrials.gov registration numbers (NCT), double-blind vs. crossover design, sample size (N), p-values / Hazard Ratios, and study limitations.

Q: How do dotMD Research Breakdowns connect to Conditions, Medications, Supplements, and Specialist Doctors?

Medical research is only useful if you can act on it safely with your clinician. Every flagship research synthesis links directly to the parent Condition diagnostic cutoff guide, the Medication FDA DailyMed & CMS NADAC wholesale price ledger, the Supplement elemental weight decoder, and our High-CPT-Volume Specialist Directory.

Long-term human survival cohorts and Phase 3 prevention trials covering UKPDS 34 / TAME Metformin AMPK longevity pathways, muscle protein synthesis across eight decades of life, and adult vaccine coadministration trials. Explore 817 indexed studies and multi-trial syntheses with verified PubMed PMIDs, participant sample sizes (N), and Absolute vs. Relative Risk numbers.

★ #1 Lead Breakthrough Study • NEJM SURMOUNT-1 (176 Weeks) N = 1,032 Adults • p < 0.001

Once-Weekly Tirzepatide Cuts Type 2 Diabetes Progression by 94% Over 3 Years—With a 22.9% Sustained Weight Reduction

The Plain-English Receipt: Only 1.2% of prediabetic adults on Tirzepatide progressed to Type 2 diabetes over 3.4 years vs. 19.3% on placebo (Absolute Risk Reduction = 18.1% • Number Needed to Treat = 6).

Read the Full Breakthrough Breakdown → Jump to All 15 Landmark Breakthroughs ↓

Inside the Clinical Evidence Lab: Our research desk audits 6,280 human trials from NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, and NCBI PubMed—reporting true Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) and sample sizes (N) without pharma spin.

3. All Indexed Clinical Studies (817)

Longevity, Aging & Prevention — Clinical Trials & Study Reports (817)

Page 18 of 28 • Sorted by Participant Sample Size (N)

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 34954857

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Efficacy of Zoledronic Acid in the Treatment of Nonmalignant Painful Bone Marrow

Single-dose zoledronic acid 5 mg iv together with vitamin D may enhance resolution of bone marrow lesions over 6 weeks along with reduction of pain compared with vitamin D supplementation only.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research • 2022-03-15 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 35131090

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Baseline Characteristics on the real-world benefits and safety of Eptinezumab in

Demographic and baseline characteristics were similar across treatment groups in both the PROMISE-1 and the PROMISE-2 studies.

Clinical therapeutics • 2022-03-15 Read Study

Meta-Analysis & Systematic Review PMID 34241671

What the Latest Evidence Really Says About Dynamic sleep MRI in obstructive sleep

Official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2022), this meta-analysis evaluating human...

European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery • 2022-02-15 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 34192885

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on RESUME-1: a Phase III study of tolperisone in the treatment of painful, acute

Tolperisone is a promising therapeutic for managing acute, painful muscle spasms of the back as it appears to lack the off-target CNS effects often seen with conventional skeletal muscle relaxants.

Pain management • 2022-01-15 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 36327320

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Optimization and validation of an ELISA assay for the determination of antibody

Here we report the validation of two ELISAs for CN54gp140 and AIDSVAX BE at Uganda Virus Research Institute that demonstrates precision, specificity, and robustness for assessing the reciprocal antibody end point titer in...

PloS one • 2022-01-15 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 34351555

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Three-year outcomes of a randomized phase III trial comparing adjuvant

On 3-year follow-up data, postoperative add-on treatment with S-1 plus docetaxel was confirmed to improve both RFS and OS and can be recommended as a standard of care.

Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association • 2022-01-15 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 35878575

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Myelin water imaging in relapsing multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab and

Ocrelizumab appears to protect against demyelination in MS NAWM and chronic lesions and may allow for a more permissive micro environment for remyelination to occur in focal and diffusely damaged tissue.

NeuroImage. Clinical • 2022-01-15 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 33583360

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Inflammation-related adverse reactions following vaccination potentially indicate

Based on these results, we built a scoring model to quantify the inflammation reactions and found that the high score of ISAR indicates the strong vaccine-induced antibody level.

Emerging microbes & infections • 2021-12-15 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 34521277

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Isatuximab for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: review of key subgroup

In this review, the subgroup analyses from the ICARIA-MM study, representing subpopulations with poor prognostic factors, are discussed.

Future oncology (London, England) • 2021-12-15 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 34939580

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Immunogenicity and Safety of Three WHO Prequalified (DTwP -HB-Hib) Pentavalent

Pentavac and Shan 5 had similar immunogenicity, the former having better immunogenicity against pertussis than Pentabio.

Indian pediatrics • 2021-12-15 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 32897368

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Suptavumab for the Prevention of Medically Attended breathing Syncytial Virus

Suptavumab did not reduce overall RSV hospitalizations or outpatient LRTI because of a newly circulating mutant strain of RSV B.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America • 2021-12-06 Read Study

Meta-Analysis & Systematic Review PMID 34738915

Managing Obesity: Can Effectiveness of testosterone replacement Make a Real Difference? (What New Research Reveals)

TRT slightly improved the lean muscle and LDL in men with obesity having LTLs but did not affect the blood pressure.

European journal of endocrinology • 2021-12-03 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 34763950

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on A single blind randomized phase 3 study to evaluate safety and immunogenicity of

The HAPIBEV™ vaccine demonstrated an immunological and safety profile on par with Havrix® in 1-15 years old healthy HAV vaccine-naive Indian children.

Vaccine • 2021-12-03 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 32501774

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Efficacy of Alcaftadine 0.25% (AGN-229666) for Once-daily Prevention of

Results : 263 Japanese subjects were enrolled; 224 completed the trial.

Ocular immunology and inflammation • 2021-11-17 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 34706841

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on A phase 3 clinical trial of MINHAI PCV13 in Chinese children aged from 7 months

The study demonstrates that MINHAI PCV13 has sufficient immunogenicity and safety in Chinese children aged from 7 months to 5 years old.

Vaccine • 2021-11-16 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 34423676

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Brigatinib vs alectinib in crizotinib-resistant advanced anaplastic lymphoma

The primary end point is progression-free survival as assessed by a blinded Independent Review Committee; the key secondary end point is overall survival.

Future oncology (London, England) • 2021-11-15 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 34704393

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Measuring treatment response to advance precision medicine for multiple

Nonclinical measures (new MRI activity and sNfL levels) discriminate between treatment and placebo groups similarly to or better than clinical outcomes.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology • 2021-11-15 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 34499574

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Safety and Immunogenicity of a novel three-dose recombinant nanoparticle rabies G

The novel three-dose recombinant rabies G protein vaccine administered as simulated postexposure prophylaxis was noninferior to five dose WHO prequalified vaccine in terms of safety and immunogenicity.

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics • 2021-11-02 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 33119068

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Benefits and safety of a 3-Antigen (Pre-S1/Pre-S2/S) Hepatitis B Vaccine: Results

3AV was noninferior to 1AV.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America • 2021-11-02 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 34370319

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Improved survival for young acute leukemia patients following a new donor

The new donor hierarchy contributed to significantly superior 2-year OS and DFS rates (OS: 76.2% vs.

American journal of hematology • 2021-11-01 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 34620531

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on A phase III, observer-blind, randomized, compared against a dummy pill (placebo)

From the 3-month interim analysis, the vaccine exhibited a 65.30% efficacy at preventing COVID-19 illness with favorable safety and immunogenicity profiles.

Vaccine • 2021-10-22 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 34281470

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Safety and real-world benefits of erlotinib and ramucirumab combination in

Pending OS results are, therefore, critical to assess the real benefit from this combination, especially as first-line osimertinib has improved survival in EGFR -mutant NSCLC patients and will probably remain the pivotal...

Expert review of anticancer therapy • 2021-10-15 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 34273139

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Occurrence of high blood pressure during third-line anlotinib is associated with

The occurrence of high blood pressure might be a clinical indicator predicting the efficacy of third-line anlotinib treatment in patients with SCC.

Thoracic cancer • 2021-09-15 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 34481517

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Secukinumab in non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: subgroup analysis based

Secukinumab improved the signs and symptoms of nr-axSpA across patients grouped by CRP (+/-) and/or MRI (+/-) status, HLA-B27 (+/-) status, and sex.

Arthritis research & therapy • 2021-09-04 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 33606023

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Effect of Early Palliative Care on Quality of Life of Advanced Head and Neck

In this phase III study, the integration of EPC in head and neck cancer patients did not lead to an improvement in the QOL or survival.

Journal of the National Cancer Institute • 2021-09-04 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 33973891

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Viscoelastic testing to assess the effects of rapid fibrinogen concentrate

There was a strong correlation between the plasma fibrinogen level and FIBTEM MCF.

Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis • 2021-09-01 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 34112513

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Progression-free survival by investigator versus blinded independent central

Hazard ratios for PFS per BICR and per INV were consistent, with no suggestion of investigator bias.

Gynecologic oncology • 2021-08-15 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 33858190

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Comparing cure rates for gemtuzumab ozogamicin plus standard chemotherapy vs

Conclusion: MCMs are well suited to modeling long-term survival in acute myeloid leukemia patients.

Future oncology (London, England) • 2021-08-15 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 33845211

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Avelumab Versus Docetaxel in Patients With Platinum-Treated Advanced NSCLC:

Although the JAVELIN Lung 200 primary analysis (reported previously) revealed that avelumab did not significantly prolong OS versus docetaxel in patients with platinum-treated PD-L1+ NSCLC, posthoc analyses at 2 years of...

Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer • 2021-08-15 Read Study

Phase 3 Randomized Trial PMID 33818140

Can This Approach Help? Inside the Latest Research on Indirect Comparison of Darolutamide versus Apalutamide and Enzalutamide for

While metastasis-free survival did not differ across drugs in these cross-trial indirect comparisons, darolutamide showed a favorable safety and tolerability profile in prespecified side effects vs apalutamide and enzalutamide.

The Journal of urology • 2021-08-15 Read Study

Evidence Methodology, PubMed Verification & YMYL Standards

Frequently Asked Questions About dotMD Clinical Trial Breakdowns

Why does dotMD report both Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) and Relative Risk Reduction (RRR) on clinical trials?

Traditional health headlines often exaggerate findings by reporting only Relative Risk Reduction—for example, claiming a drug cuts risk by 50% when the event rate dropped from 2% to 1% (an Absolute Risk Reduction of just 1.0 percentage point, meaning 100 patients must take the drug for 1 person to benefit, or NNT = 100). On dotMD, every flagship study breakdown reports both Relative Risk and Absolute Risk alongside the exact sample size (N) and trial duration.

How does dotMD separate human randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from animal or observational studies?

Every study on dotMD displays its exact Study Design Tier at the top of the card (Phase 3 Randomized Trial, Randomized Controlled Trial, Meta-Analysis & Systematic Review, Multi-Trial Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Journal Watch Cohort, or FDA Safety Alert) along with the human participant count (N). Preclinical mouse or cell-culture data is never presented as human clinical proof.

Why did dotMD replace synthetic "Study Rigor Scores" with primary PubMed PMIDs and trial metadata?

Arbitrary 0-to-100 rigor scores obscure what actually makes a study trustworthy. Instead of synthetic scores, dotMD surfaces the verifiable primary evidence signals: exact NCBI PubMed IDs (PMID), ClinicalTrials.gov registration numbers (NCT), double-blind vs. crossover design, sample size (N), p-values / Hazard Ratios, and study limitations.

How do dotMD Research Breakdowns connect to Conditions, Medications, Supplements, and Specialist Doctors?

Medical research is only useful if you can act on it safely with your clinician. Every flagship research synthesis links directly to the parent Condition diagnostic cutoff guide, the Medication FDA DailyMed & CMS NADAC wholesale price ledger, the Supplement elemental weight decoder, and our High-CPT-Volume Specialist Directory.